SOFC and PEFC, their Operating Temperatures Go toward Intermediate Temperatures

In the PEFC and SOFC fields, it seems that much development efforts are directed to the technologies to stably operate those types of the fuel cells at the intermediate temperatures in practical levels.

The fuel cell that Nordic Power Systems uses operates at temperatures higher than 100 Celsius degree, the limit operating temperature of the PEFC.
SiEnergy Systems, LLC (USA) has fabricated a prototype of the micro-SOFC, which operates at 300 Celsius degree.
[Copyright by FuelCell japan]
In connection with this, the lab team led by Prof. Yuichi Shimakawa (Kyoto University) discovered the fact that the oxygen ions anisotropically diffuse in the solid oxide at 300 Celsius degree or lower. The discovery shows that the perovskite-structure oxide exhibits the oxygen ion conductivity in the intermediate temperature region. The discovery is a big discovery when considering the current development trend to operate the fuel cells at the intermediate temperatures. The news on the discovery was released at about this time of the last year. I have carelessly forgotten to refer to the discovery news in my related articles although I wanted to do so. The technical paper describing the discovery was posted to the journal Nature Chemistry and was published on its online version.
SiEnergy: http://www.alliedminds.com/Portfolio/SiEnergy_Systems/index.htm
Nature Chemistry：
http://www.ehcc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eh10/index.php?plugin=attach&refer=%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87/Publications&openfile=133_NatureChemistry_SrFeO2film.pd
My site：http://www.fcpat-japan.com/SiEnergy.htm